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NOTE 19. Indian War in North Carolina

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Volume 2, Chapter 19, Indian War in North Carolina

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No sooner had the North Carolina proprietary suppressed rebellion in 1711 than the colony

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became embroiled in a crucial Indian conflict. The Indians in North Carolina had been growing

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increasingly restive. Not only was wide expansion driving them from their proclaimed lands and

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Hunting Grounds, but a perhaps more embittering grievance was the common practice of kidnapping

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Indians into slavery. In fact, so notorious was this practice that Pennsylvania, in 1705,

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prohibited further importation of Indian slaves from Carolina, since it had been observed

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to give the Indians of this province some umbrage for suspicion and dissatisfaction.

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Most dangerous of the Indian tribes was the powerful Tuscarora in central North Carolina,

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one of the feared and disliked Iroquois nations. In the fall of 1711, the Tuscaroras, taking

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advantage of the turmoil of the late Thomas Carey Rebellion, launched a general attack

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on the white settlements. The attack was particularly effective on the new and scattered southern

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But the main center at Albemarle escaped devastation because Tom Blount, the Tuscarora chief in

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the vicinity, refused to join the war. Governor Edward Hyde induced the assembly to pass a

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law authorizing conscription of all males between 16 and 60 and called on the neighboring

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colonies for aid. The Virginia assembly refused to vote the funds or permit Governor Spotswood

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to Send Troops, South Carolina sent a strong military force under Colonel John Barnwell.

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Barnwell's troop again demonstrated the propensity of the Indians for mutual destruction, redounding

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to the benefit of the whites, for it consisted largely of Creek, Yemisi and Sioux Indians.

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As was true of all other Iroquois, the aggressive Tuscaroras had incurred the enmity of the

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The other tribes of the region, Barnwell decisively defeated the Tuscaroras, captured one of their

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forts and slaughtered the male inhabitants. The Indian allies got all the plunder and

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the female slaves. Barnwell wistfully regretted that only one girl we got. Finally, the Tuscaroras

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sued for peace and a peace treaty was signed, the beaten Indians agreeing to leave all the

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The Southern North Carolina Land Between Cape Fear and the New River

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Colonel Barnwell had expected to be handsomely rewarded by a grateful North Carolina for

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his supposed patriotism. He found instead that the ingrates, cozily far from the battle,

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were carping because he had not annihilated the enemy. The embittered Barnwell then decided

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to get willy-nilly what he had come for, luring a large number of Indians to a spot near New

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New Bern under pretense of a parley, Barnwell and his men fell on them in a surprise attack,

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seized them and carried them off to South Carolina to sell the hapless Indians into slavery.

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The Tuscaroras were understandably bitter at this treachery and, in the summer of 1712,

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resumed their war against a white foe who they were now convinced could not be trusted

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in any respect.

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Once again, however, Tom Blount agreed to remain neutral and, indeed, to come partially

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to the aid of the whites. South Carolina again sent an armed troop, almost exclusively Indian

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as before, under Colonel James Moore. Moore crushed the Tuscaroras in March 1713, ending

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the war. The defeated remnants made their way north to New York to join their Iroquois

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Brethren