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NOTE Appendix B: On Means and Ends

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Appendix B, On Means and Ends

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It is often charged that any theory grounded on a logical separation of means and ends is unrealistic, because the two are often amalgamated or fused into one.

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Yet if man acts purposively, he therefore drives toward ends, and whatever route he takes, he must, ipso facto, employ means to achieve them.

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The distinction between means and ends is a necessary logical distinction rooted in all human, indeed, all purposive action.

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It is difficult to see the sense in any denial of this primordial truth.

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The only sense to the charge concerns those cases where certain objects, or rather, certain roots of action, become ends in themselves, as well as means to other ends.

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This, of course, can often happen.

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There is no difficulty, however, in incorporating them into an analysis, as has been done above.

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Thus, a man may work at a certain job not only for the pay, but also because he enjoys

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the work or the location.

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Moreover, any desire for money is a desire for a means to other ends.

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The critics of praxeology confuse the necessary and eternal separation of ends and means as

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categories with their frequent coincidence in a particular concrete resource or course

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of Action.