section 13 on general principles of law and reason the oaths which foreigners
take on coming here and being naturalized as it is called are of no
validity they are necessarily given to nobody because there is no open
authentic association to which they can join themselves or to whom as
individuals they can pledge their faith no such association or organization as
As the people of the United States, having ever been formed by any open, written, authentic, or voluntary contract, there is, on general principles of law and reason, no such association or organization in existence.
And all oaths that purport to be given to such an association are necessarily given only to the winds.
They cannot be said to be given to any man or any body of men as individuals, because
no man or body of men can come forward with any proof that the oaths were given to them
as individuals, or to any association of which they are members.
To say that there is a tacit understanding among a portion of the male adults of the
country that they will call themselves the people of the United States, and that they
will act in concert in subjecting the remainder of the people of the United States to their
Dominion, but that they will keep themselves personally concealed by doing all their acts
secretly, is wholly insufficient on general principles of law and reason to prove the
existence of any such association or organization as the people of the United States, or consequently
to prove that the oaths of foreigners were given to any such association.