WEBVTT NOTE The Source of Government Power 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.000 The Source of Government Power 2 00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:11.000 Government is an agency that, at least in theory, represents the body politic. 3 00:00:11.000 --> 00:00:18.000 The idea of government is that it will represent what is best for the social whole. 4 00:00:18.000 --> 00:00:24.000 In the long period of time, since the dawn of barbarism and the invention of government, 5 00:00:24.000 --> 00:00:29.000 we have tried various types and kinds of government. 6 00:00:29.000 --> 00:00:35.960 In a sense we could say that government is a representative. Now in the early days when 7 00:00:35.960 --> 00:00:43.560 government was first designed it undoubtedly emerged from theocratic roots with the idea 8 00:00:43.560 --> 00:00:50.520 that the paterfamilias, that is the elderly male primarily, in rare instances we understand there 9 00:00:50.520 --> 00:00:56.920 may have been an elderly and very respected female, but in the main government has taken on 10 00:00:56.920 --> 00:01:06.880 the male attributes that this individual who represented the government was in fact a representative 11 00:01:06.880 --> 00:01:14.040 of the divine hierarchy. And all governments were viewed essentially as something imposed 12 00:01:14.040 --> 00:01:21.880 upon men by whatever pantheon of deity was accepted at the time. Thus we had in conjunction 13 00:01:21.880 --> 00:01:28.960 with government, the concept of the divine right of kings, and the idea that the king, 14 00:01:28.960 --> 00:01:37.880 or whoever acted as the head of the state, was in point of fact not representing people, 15 00:01:37.880 --> 00:01:46.400 but representing the divine. And so governments from the outset took on that characteristic. 16 00:01:46.400 --> 00:01:52.560 Of course, in the passing of time it became apparent that the men holding this power were 17 00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:59.520 not divine. It became increasingly apparent that they were guilty of every conceivable 18 00:01:59.520 --> 00:02:06.600 type of despotism, so that populations under the control of presumably divine kings, or 19 00:02:06.600 --> 00:02:12.440 at least persons who believed and contended that they were placed in positions of power 20 00:02:12.440 --> 00:02:21.800 by some divine act, were in fact capable of every kind of mischief and malfeasance and 21 00:02:21.800 --> 00:02:29.360 misfeasance when it came to dealing with people. Ordinary mortals found that they suffered 22 00:02:29.360 --> 00:02:37.400 and suffered on a continuingly increasing scale at the hands of government. The reason 23 00:02:37.400 --> 00:02:43.720 The reason for this, of course, is that every government, however ordained, contains within 24 00:02:43.720 --> 00:02:50.120 it the element of force, and the view of that person or those persons who constitute the 25 00:02:50.120 --> 00:02:57.080 government is that they must and will use force in order to maintain something for the 26 00:02:57.080 --> 00:03:03.600 good of the total group, whatever they decide is good. 27 00:03:03.600 --> 00:03:09.860 Thus it happened that after many centuries of experience with kings who were viewed first 28 00:03:09.860 --> 00:03:16.760 as being totally divine and then human beings, but nonetheless with certain divine attributes, 29 00:03:16.760 --> 00:03:24.040 notably a divine right to do as they pleased, objection to this concept began to emerge, 30 00:03:24.040 --> 00:03:31.240 and it emerged in several ages and in various ways. Our own acquaintance with this, as Americans, 31 00:03:31.240 --> 00:03:38.640 really began when this country was founded. We had become disenchanted with British rule. 32 00:03:38.640 --> 00:03:45.400 It was believed, of course, that the ruling families of Britain were somehow divinely 33 00:03:45.400 --> 00:03:52.020 selected and divinely ordained, and we began to suspect in a very large way that the kings 34 00:03:52.020 --> 00:04:00.140 and queens who had taken positions of total power in England were not only not divine, 35 00:04:00.140 --> 00:04:06.800 in many instances they were less divine than persons who didn't have this power. And we 36 00:04:06.800 --> 00:04:14.280 began to devise the idea of the common right of humanity to it, that if it was possible 37 00:04:14.280 --> 00:04:21.200 for any man to have any divine rights at all, then all men had exactly the same rights, 38 00:04:21.200 --> 00:04:29.080 and therefore there was no such thing as a special being who was by some divine act placed 39 00:04:29.080 --> 00:04:31.080 The Theory of Money and Credit 40 00:04:59.080 --> 00:05:02.080 should be represented by the government. 41 00:05:02.080 --> 00:05:07.080 So we began to change our view of government and began to think of it 42 00:05:07.080 --> 00:05:13.080 as an agency that represented the people at large, or if not all the people, 43 00:05:13.080 --> 00:05:18.080 at least certain significant numbers of them. 44 00:05:18.080 --> 00:05:25.080 In the concept of democracy, the theory is that the government shall be of the people, 45 00:05:25.080 --> 00:05:28.080 and theoretically this means all the people. 46 00:05:28.080 --> 00:05:44.580 Now, in point of fact, there can only be a limited number of places from which power comes that is placed into the hands of a ruling individual or a ruling body. 47 00:05:44.580 --> 00:05:59.580 That power would have to be granted either by divine right, or it could be obtained by force, or it could be obtained by deception, or it could be obtained by contract. 48 00:05:59.580 --> 00:06:10.580 Now as we examine what has happened in the past, and of course undoubtedly we have all been influenced to some degree by the writing of various scholars in this field, 49 00:06:10.580 --> 00:06:18.460 The aim was suggested, or at least it was suggested that it had been an aim at one time, 50 00:06:18.460 --> 00:06:25.500 that governments in fact were contractually organized. That is, that there was some kind 51 00:06:25.500 --> 00:06:32.660 of a contract between the governing body and the people at large, and therefore a proper 52 00:06:32.660 --> 00:06:39.540 business type of relationship existed between the people and the government, and therefore 53 00:06:39.540 --> 00:06:46.220 And the people were participants in this procedure. In point of fact, that has never been true. 54 00:06:46.220 --> 00:06:52.260 Not at any time, so far as history reveals the facts of the case. Governments have never 55 00:06:52.260 --> 00:06:57.180 been established by contract. And when you examine this, you would see that this would 56 00:06:57.180 --> 00:07:04.180 have to be the case. Although many Americans suppose that, in a sense, the American government 57 00:07:04.180 --> 00:07:20.180 The American government provided just such an instance. In point of fact, it did not, and possibly one day the functions that a government undertakes may ultimately be established on the basis of contract. 58 00:07:20.180 --> 00:07:24.180 What we are confronted with is a philosophic dilemma. 59 00:07:24.180 --> 00:07:32.140 Of course it is true that if God does grant a divine right to someone, well then there 60 00:07:32.140 --> 00:07:37.820 would be no question about that someone's having a right to rule others. But if this 61 00:07:37.820 --> 00:07:44.980 cannot be established, if it cannot be definitely proved that any one person or any one family 62 00:07:44.980 --> 00:07:51.160 has such a right given, and proof has been attempted and has never been found, then it 63 00:07:51.160 --> 00:07:55.920 It follows that the nature of things being as they are, that each man has exactly the 64 00:07:55.920 --> 00:08:01.920 same rights to control himself. And if this is the case, then it follows that there is 65 00:08:01.920 --> 00:08:08.920 no way whatever that some body of men could obtain rightfully an arbitrary power over 66 00:08:10.640 --> 00:08:15.800 other men. That is not possible without the consent of these other men. 67 00:08:15.800 --> 00:08:21.160 So what we come down to then is, we either have a government which is established by 68 00:08:21.160 --> 00:08:27.240 divine right, or we have a government that is established by the consent of the people 69 00:08:27.240 --> 00:08:34.720 through a contract that in fact has been entered into, or we are left only with the idea that 70 00:08:34.720 --> 00:08:41.400 government has been established either through force or by deceit or both. I regret to say 71 00:08:41.400 --> 00:08:43.400 The Theory of Money and Credit 72 00:09:11.400 --> 00:09:19.160 Certain person or small group of elitists take onto themselves either the assumption 73 00:09:19.160 --> 00:09:23.880 that they have been divinely ordained and they convince enough people of this so that 74 00:09:23.880 --> 00:09:32.120 they obtain the sanction of the victims they intend to despoil, or they obtain this position 75 00:09:32.120 --> 00:09:41.240 by force, a force which they retain, and then by making some kind of an arrangement with 76 00:09:41.240 --> 00:09:48.360 with at least certain leading persons within the population, they establish, at least with 77 00:09:48.360 --> 00:09:53.760 sufficient clarity that this would be the case, that the people will be better off under 78 00:09:53.760 --> 00:09:59.880 their rule than without it. And hence, sanction is finally given, even though the government 79 00:09:59.880 --> 00:10:08.600 was established by force. So what we are dealing with here then is a peculiar agency, an agency 80 00:10:08.600 --> 00:10:15.080 that has been endowed with a mystique all its own, and yet it is a man-made agency that 81 00:10:15.080 --> 00:10:23.480 has no more rightful existence than whatever rightful existence the persons had in themselves 82 00:10:23.480 --> 00:10:29.160 naturally who established it, unless it could be established that the persons who placed 83 00:10:29.160 --> 00:10:37.760 themselves under its control did so knowledgably and of their free act and deed, and did so 84 00:10:37.760 --> 00:10:45.160 so voluntarily. Now that has never been done. So we are in point of fact facing an archaic 85 00:10:45.160 --> 00:10:52.960 instrument which descends to us from barbaric times and which on any ground of either logic 86 00:10:52.960 --> 00:11:00.080 or law has no real reason for existence. Now this is a deplorable thing to say and I realize 87 00:11:00.080 --> 00:11:07.080 that it sounds very revolutionary and I don't mean it that way at all. It would be just 88 00:11:07.080 --> 00:11:13.260 Most as reprehensible for us to seek to overthrow that which has long been established and which 89 00:11:13.260 --> 00:11:19.040 has finally been accepted as it would be to impose one in the first place. And so we have 90 00:11:19.040 --> 00:11:27.600 to deal with an existing agency that is as archaic as the spear and the bow and arrow. 91 00:11:27.600 --> 00:11:33.300 It does not function as it should. The only manner in which it can function is to operate 92 00:11:33.300 --> 00:11:38.740 in such a way that it violates the rights of individuals and it does this both through 93 00:11:38.740 --> 00:11:48.900 force and deceit. Now, that this is force and deceit can, I think, be established if 94 00:11:48.900 --> 00:11:57.340 we examine this whole concept of agency or the concept of representation. If we have 95 00:11:57.340 --> 00:12:03.820 If you have a government that is a representative of a divine hierarchy, then of course there 96 00:12:03.820 --> 00:12:09.860 is nothing that can be proved. We have already discarded that notion in this country. In 97 00:12:09.860 --> 00:12:14.460 this respect I might point out that we may have an advantage over other countries that 98 00:12:14.460 --> 00:12:20.340 are still bound to that idea, that the government that they have is holy and untouchable and 99 00:12:20.340 --> 00:12:26.440 they cannot reach it, because it is divinely placed over them. We grew out of that better 100 00:12:26.440 --> 00:12:35.800 and finally established the idea that this was not so. So we have only then to deal with 101 00:12:35.800 --> 00:12:41.160 the concept that government in fact represents the people. 102 00:12:41.160 --> 00:12:50.580 Now to represent someone is a perfectly legitimate act. Anyone can, who wishes to, appoint someone 103 00:12:50.580 --> 00:12:57.400 and to act for him in a perfectly moral and reasonable way. I could ask you to act for 104 00:12:57.400 --> 00:13:04.900 me in any given instance wherein I want something done and for some reason I may not be able 105 00:13:04.900 --> 00:13:10.860 to do it myself. I may need your help as I do, for instance, if I hire an attorney or 106 00:13:10.860 --> 00:13:18.580 if I hire a teacher or if I hire a real estate agent or someone else to act for me who has 107 00:13:18.580 --> 00:13:24.340 has special knowledge or possibly can be in a special place at a special time when I cannot 108 00:13:24.340 --> 00:13:32.300 be there or when I cannot do what that person can do for me. The concept of agency is one 109 00:13:32.300 --> 00:13:37.800 that is deeply entrenched in ordinary human behavior. We have had it with us for a very 110 00:13:37.800 --> 00:13:45.800 long time. Now, one of the characteristics of agency is that every agent is responsible 111 00:13:45.800 --> 00:13:53.800 to the principal who hires him. Thus, if I hire you as an agent to act for me, it is 112 00:13:53.800 --> 00:14:00.560 understood that I am responsible for your actions to the degree that I am paying you 113 00:14:00.560 --> 00:14:06.320 or am otherwise remunerating you for doing something for me that I am not going to do 114 00:14:06.320 --> 00:14:12.140 for myself. Further, it is understood by virtue of the existence of this agency that you are 115 00:14:12.140 --> 00:14:17.020 are going to act in my interests. Otherwise, there would be no point in my obtaining your 116 00:14:17.020 --> 00:14:23.940 services in the first place. So when I appoint you to act as my agent, then you become, in 117 00:14:23.940 --> 00:14:30.140 a sense, an extension of me insofar as this agency relationship is concerned. It would 118 00:14:30.140 --> 00:14:37.940 be immoral and indeed it would be illegal in this country for me to hire you as an agent, 119 00:14:37.940 --> 00:14:43.740 Let us say a real estate agent to buy a certain property for me that we'll say is in another 120 00:14:43.740 --> 00:14:49.060 part of the country. So you accept this condition of agency with me, let us suppose. But as 121 00:14:49.060 --> 00:14:53.780 you're accepting it, a second party comes to you and says to you, I wonder if you would 122 00:14:53.780 --> 00:15:02.160 act as my agent to procure the same piece of property that I want, you see. This would 123 00:15:02.160 --> 00:15:08.160 would give you the job, then, of representing two persons who have an interest in obtaining 124 00:15:08.160 --> 00:15:14.900 the same property, and it follows that you could not obtain it for both of us. Therefore, 125 00:15:14.900 --> 00:15:20.480 if you accepted such employment, you would be engaged in a dishonest act. It would be 126 00:15:20.480 --> 00:15:25.720 reprehensible from any moral point of view, and it would be illegal from any legal point 127 00:15:25.720 --> 00:15:31.360 of view. You cannot do it. In fact, were an attorney or a real estate agent to attempt 128 00:15:31.360 --> 00:15:38.880 such a type of representation, he could be subject to various punishments which the law has ordained 129 00:15:38.880 --> 00:15:44.640 for just such type of behavior. We would consider such behavior reprehensible. In other words, 130 00:15:44.640 --> 00:15:50.320 when you have a condition of agency as such, the agent is responsible to the principal, 131 00:15:50.320 --> 00:15:56.000 the principal is responsible to the agent, and the interests expressed that create the agency 132 00:15:56.000 --> 00:16:04.520 Agency must be adhered to honestly and with a full devotion to the cause that is set forth 133 00:16:04.520 --> 00:16:11.240 that created the agency in the first place. Now then, consider the idea that a politician 134 00:16:11.240 --> 00:16:19.240 as such can actually be the agent of a large number of people. That is impossible, because 135 00:16:19.240 --> 00:16:25.340 even with two persons they will have divergent interests, and a politician who sets himself 136 00:16:25.340 --> 00:16:33.340 to help up to represent two persons who have diverse interests is, of necessity, bound to cheat one of them. 137 00:16:33.340 --> 00:16:42.340 He couldn't help it. However well-intentioned he may be, he cannot actually represent two persons who have divergent views, 138 00:16:42.340 --> 00:16:50.340 or divergent claims, or divergent interests. Much less could he represent the body politic. That is impossible. 139 00:16:50.340 --> 00:16:55.340 Therefore, when a man runs for public office and contends that he is going to represent 140 00:16:55.340 --> 00:17:02.660 a large number of persons, that is, in essence, a statement of fraud. He cannot do it. I am 141 00:17:02.660 --> 00:17:08.500 not trying to malign his good intentions in the matter. He is simply, like the rest of 142 00:17:08.500 --> 00:17:15.820 us, caught up in a philosophy that is erroneous. It cannot be done. And the result is, and 143 00:17:15.820 --> 00:17:21.100 And we go around saying it all the time in between elections, we hope we'll get a politician 144 00:17:21.100 --> 00:17:29.420 in office who will honestly fulfill his promises. It can't be done. It is not possible. What 145 00:17:29.420 --> 00:17:36.300 happens is, of course, that once the man obtains power, which is a presumptive usurpation of 146 00:17:36.300 --> 00:17:43.440 a grant given by a whole number of principles, then the man cannot respond to the wishes 147 00:18:13.440 --> 00:18:19.280 The only thing that we have gotten around to now is a kind of government where the politician 148 00:18:19.280 --> 00:18:26.280 represents the largest number of persons in general areas, which means that he will in 149 00:18:26.280 --> 00:18:32.320 fact defraud the smaller number. And that is the only benefit that is available. That 150 00:18:32.320 --> 00:18:38.500 is, fewer persons are cheated than would otherwise be cheated if he were in fact to follow the 151 00:18:38.500 --> 00:19:08.500 This is, of course, implicit in the whole idea of collective representation. There can be no such thing. In fact, it is both immoral and in every area but politics it is illegal, but we make an exception politically and we contend that what cannot be done legally and morally in other areas can be done both legally and morally within a political framework. 152 00:19:08.500 --> 00:19:38.500 This is, of course, to create a double standard of values. It is to establish that what a politician does is moral, providing only that he is a politician at the time he does it. If anyone else does it, it is immoral, it could be punished by law, and indeed if anyone attempted it, the chances would be very good that he would both be discovered and punished as a result of his action. 153 00:19:38.500 --> 00:19:46.220 implicit in any kind of general representation. Now, if you were to, on the other hand, create 154 00:19:46.220 --> 00:19:52.300 what we would call a representative government, in which each faction and each interest had 155 00:19:52.300 --> 00:19:58.040 a representative, you would have a government of such unwieldy proportions that they couldn't 156 00:19:58.040 --> 00:20:03.980 ever get together in any one building. The numbers of persons involved would be thousands 157 00:20:03.980 --> 00:20:09.860 in Numbers. We have so many divergent interests just in the area of property and economics 158 00:20:09.860 --> 00:20:18.180 alone, let alone religious interests, racial interests, educational interests, and secular 159 00:20:18.180 --> 00:20:26.720 interests by the score. It would be impossible to find a person who could honestly and truly 160 00:20:26.720 --> 00:20:31.420 represent everybody on such a broad front. It cannot be done. 161 00:20:31.420 --> 00:20:38.420 Now, there is another reason that shows the peculiar character of the kind of government 162 00:20:38.420 --> 00:20:44.820 that we have, because it actually states in the Constitution of the United States that 163 00:20:44.820 --> 00:20:51.260 the members of Congress, that is to say the so-called elected representatives of the body 164 00:20:51.260 --> 00:20:58.940 politic, cannot be questioned for the actions that they take and the things that they say 165 00:20:58.940 --> 00:21:03.940 Way and Do while they are engaged in their political endeavors. 166 00:21:03.940 --> 00:21:10.300 And when the word questioned is inserted here, it means they cannot be questioned in any 167 00:21:10.300 --> 00:21:11.300 legal way. 168 00:21:11.300 --> 00:21:15.900 That is, they cannot be held to any legal accounting process. 169 00:21:15.900 --> 00:21:24.220 This means that we have adopted the idea that we can in fact select a man to represent everybody, 170 00:21:24.220 --> 00:21:29.540 which is absolutely impossible, but we make it a part of the condition of selecting him 171 00:21:29.540 --> 00:21:34.140 that he will not be accountable to the people that have selected him. 172 00:21:34.140 --> 00:21:39.660 Now, since all agents are accountable and are in fact responsible to the persons who 173 00:21:39.660 --> 00:21:47.460 choose them, this is clearly a case where we simply have an arbitrary usurpation of power. 174 00:21:47.460 --> 00:21:54.000 There are still other reasons that could be provided. For example, all principles and 175 00:21:54.000 --> 00:22:02.240 and all agents must of necessity be publicly known to each other. And yet it is a fact 176 00:22:02.240 --> 00:22:10.100 that since we select our agents, so called, through an election process, so called, in 177 00:22:10.100 --> 00:22:17.960 a secret manner, by secret ballot, not a single one of the men thus selected has any actual 178 00:22:17.960 --> 00:22:34.240 And consequently he does not know who asked him to be an agent nor could he prove that 179 00:22:34.240 --> 00:22:40.760 anybody ever asked him to be an agent of anyone. Now that is the unfortunate situation that 180 00:22:40.760 --> 00:22:46.740 that confronts us when we think in terms of representative government. 181 00:22:46.740 --> 00:22:53.120 In point of fact, representative government cannot exist on any kind of broad front because 182 00:22:53.120 --> 00:22:56.880 that is a moral and legal impossibility. 183 00:22:56.880 --> 00:23:02.760 And were it to try to exist on a narrow front, that is to say you would have representatives 184 00:23:02.760 --> 00:23:08.920 for each individual or each tiny group that had specified interests, then the government 185 00:23:08.920 --> 00:23:13.160 itself would be so unwieldy that it could not be managed, and the whole thing would 186 00:23:13.160 --> 00:23:19.600 fall of its own weight. So now we are left with a realization that if government is to 187 00:23:19.600 --> 00:23:26.300 exist it either has to exist as something that is divinely ordained, which we have fairly 188 00:23:26.300 --> 00:23:32.740 well discarded, or that it must exist as something that represents the body politic, which it 189 00:23:32.740 --> 00:23:39.800 cannot and no one as an individual can do. Therefore, we have an agency here that has 190 00:23:39.800 --> 00:23:47.440 a life of its own. It is a life that is not granted to it by anyone. It simply presumes 191 00:23:47.440 --> 00:23:54.960 to exist for itself. It is the derivative of a barbaric culture where it has assumed 192 00:23:54.960 --> 00:24:09.020 Now, there is a chance, of course, that we can arrange a better way of doing things. And 193 00:24:09.020 --> 00:24:17.280 this would be to establish this concept. To do it, we have to turn to the area of contract. 194 00:24:17.280 --> 00:24:22.940 But before turning to the area of contract, let me point out one very important factor 195 00:24:22.940 --> 00:24:31.820 Many people today have accepted government almost as though it is divine, as though it 196 00:24:31.820 --> 00:24:39.340 has almost supernatural powers. It doesn't. Government is just a group of men, a group 197 00:24:39.340 --> 00:24:46.820 of men who are endowed with neither more, or possibly neither less, reason, ability, 198 00:24:46.820 --> 00:25:11.820 Government is just a group of men. That's all it is. The assumption that government should only do those things for men that they cannot do for themselves is, of course, an absurd one, because what could a group of men do that a group of men couldn't do? All that government is, is a group of men. 199 00:25:11.820 --> 00:25:17.980 So you have to understand that if you're going to approach the concept of contract itself. 200 00:25:17.980 --> 00:25:26.140 Now this is of course a fact. Government does provide a number of services and it performs 201 00:25:26.140 --> 00:25:33.340 a number of chores that need doing. This is not in question. What is in question is the particular 202 00:25:33.340 --> 00:25:40.140 method of doing it, not the doing of the jobs themselves. These are jobs that do need doing, 203 00:25:40.140 --> 00:25:45.180 And certainly, if we are to have a civilization, and if we are to learn to live in harmony 204 00:25:45.180 --> 00:25:50.660 with one another, we are going to have to continue to get these jobs done. Now these 205 00:25:50.660 --> 00:25:57.300 jobs can be contracted for. Whatever the job is, persons who desire that particular job 206 00:25:57.300 --> 00:26:04.780 accomplished can turn to any agency that is qualified to perform that task and hire them 207 00:26:04.780 --> 00:26:10.820 to do it. There is nothing wrong with that. What does government do today? Well, government 208 00:26:10.820 --> 00:26:15.540 is engaged in doing all kinds of things. In fact, it would be hard, it would be very difficult 209 00:26:15.540 --> 00:26:21.740 today to find any area in which government is excluded. Think of anything that people 210 00:26:21.740 --> 00:26:27.480 are presently doing. You can virtually assure yourself in advance that there is a government 211 00:26:27.480 --> 00:26:33.620 agency involved in it somewhere, whether we are talking in terms of parking lots, radio 212 00:26:33.620 --> 00:26:39.860 Stations, the manufacture of goods, the wholesaling or retailing of merchandise, the building 213 00:26:39.860 --> 00:26:45.520 of roads, the handling of protective devices or protection generally, all of these things 214 00:26:45.520 --> 00:26:51.280 are being done in the market by private persons and they are also being done by government 215 00:26:51.280 --> 00:26:55.800 agencies or if they are in the market they are probably being supervised by government 216 00:26:55.800 --> 00:27:03.600 agencies. All of these things can be and are being done by men. Remember that government 217 00:27:03.600 --> 00:27:10.040 is just a group of men. It's a particular group of men that presumes that it has rights 218 00:27:10.040 --> 00:27:16.520 over other men. Now, if you are going to move toward the concept of a contract, which would 219 00:27:16.520 --> 00:27:23.080 be a valid one predicated upon the idea of mutual respect, mutual understanding, and 220 00:27:23.080 --> 00:27:29.360 the common rights of humanity, then it becomes a simple matter to realize that all that we 221 00:27:29.360 --> 00:27:56.010 The only thing we have to do is to organize our affairs in such way that we contract with parties, or a party, to provide certain goods and services that we want, and we do so in our own name, appointing them as agents to act for us in these cases, and not expecting everybody else to join in, and on that basis we could arrive at an amicable way of settling our difficulties. Thank you.